{"id":26402,"date":"2023-03-06T13:49:46","date_gmt":"2023-03-06T10:49:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/?p=26402"},"modified":"2023-03-21T13:22:02","modified_gmt":"2023-03-21T10:22:02","slug":"hiv-sifilis-koinfeksiyonu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/2023\/03\/06\/hiv-sifilis-koinfeksiyonu\/","title":{"rendered":"HIV ile Ya\u015fayan Bireylerde Sifilis Koinfeksiyonu: \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Basamak Hastane Verileri"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"p1\">G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u201chuman immunodeficiency virus\u201d (HIV) ve <i>Treponema pallidum<\/i> ortak bula\u015fma yollar\u0131 olan, benzer hasta grubunu etkileyen ve s\u0131kl\u0131kla koinfeksiyona neden olan iki \u00f6nemli infeksiy\u00f6z ajand\u0131r. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler HIV\/AIDS Program\u0131 (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS &#8211; UNAIDS) verilerine g\u00f6re HIV\/AIDS olgu say\u0131s\u0131 k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde 2010 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re yakla\u015f\u0131k %30 azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak \u00fclkemizde mevcut pandemi ve k\u0131s\u0131tlamalara ra\u011fmen son alt\u0131 y\u0131lda tan\u0131 koyulan HIV\/AIDS hasta say\u0131s\u0131 toplam hasta say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>(n=16 137\/31 336) (1,2). Bu say\u0131lar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek olgu say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. Di\u011fer yanda, T.C. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re sifilis olarak raporlanan hasta say\u0131s\u0131nda son be\u015f y\u0131lda \u00f6nceki y\u0131llara k\u0131yasla d\u00f6rt kat art\u0131\u015f meydana gelmi\u015ftir (3). Hastalar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc 20-50 ya\u015f aras\u0131 erkekler olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde son 30 y\u0131lda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan yedi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada HIV\/sifilis koinfeksiyon oranlar\u0131 %1-25 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tespit edilmi\u015ftir (4). Az geli\u015fmi\u015f olan \u00fclkelerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde konjenital sifilisin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (DS\u00d6) hedeflerine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte HIV\/AIDS ile ya\u015fayan bireylerde sifilis prevalans\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f endi\u015fe vericidir (5). \u00dclkemizde her iki hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n prevalans\u0131nda ciddi art\u0131\u015f meydana gelmesi olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Son 10 y\u0131lda, erken d\u00f6nem antiretroviral tedavi (ART)\u2019nin HIV seronegatif bireylerde bula\u015fmay\u0131 azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve saptanamaz HIV RNA olan bireylerin de hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 bula\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok bilimsel makalede g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir (6,7).\u00a0 Geni\u015f serili bir derlemede, HIV RNA d\u00fczeyi &lt;200 olan hi\u00e7bir hastan\u0131n partnerine HIV bula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (7). G\u00fcncel k\u0131lavuzlar HIV ile ya\u015fayan ve ART alt\u0131nda viral s\u00fcpresyon sa\u011flanan hastalarda, \u201cBelirlenemez=Bula\u015ft\u0131rmaz (B=B)\u201d (Undetectable=Untransmittable \u2013 U=U)<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda altta yatan ba\u015fka bir cinsel yolla bula\u015fan infeksiyon yok ise bariyer y\u00f6ntem kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermemektedir (8). Ancak kondom kullan\u0131m\u0131, \u201chuman papillomavirus\u201d (HPV) infeksiyonu ve di\u011fer cinsel yolla bula\u015fan hastal\u0131klar\u0131 azaltmaktad\u0131r (9). B=B yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, HIV infeksiyonuna kar\u015f\u0131 olan korkuyu, hastalar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 su\u00e7lulu\u011fu ve damgalanma hissini azaltmakla birlikte sifilis, HPV, \u00fcretrit gibi di\u011fer cinsel yolla bula\u015fan hastal\u0131klar\u0131n artmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan endi\u015fe vericidir (10).<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">HIV ile ya\u015fayan ve tedavi alt\u0131nda olan bireylerde, B=B yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 kondomsuz cinsel ili\u015fkinin artmas\u0131 ortak bula\u015fma yolu nedeniyle sifilis koinfeksiyonunun \u00f6nemini art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Sifilis tan\u0131s\u0131nda, non-treponemal testlerin \u00f6ncelikli olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131; do\u011frulaman\u0131n ise treponemal testler ile yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 geleneksel y\u00f6ntemler kullan\u0131labildi\u011fi gibi, \u00f6nce treponemal testlerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedavi takibinde non-treponemal testlerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ters tarama y\u00f6ntemi de kullan\u0131labilmektedir. (9,11)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada, \u00fclkemizde son y\u0131llarda her iki infeksiy\u00f6z hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u0131zla artmas\u0131 nedeniyle HIV ile ya\u015fayan hastalardaki sifilis koenfeksiyon verilerinin ortaya konmas\u0131 ama\u00e7land\u0131. Bu kapsamda, koinfeksiyon oranlar\u0131na, sifilisin hangi d\u00f6neminde tan\u0131 koyuldu\u011funa (primer, sekonder, tersiyer ve latent sifilis), reinfeksiyon oranlar\u0131na, HIV\/AIDS hastal\u0131k evresi ile sifilis klinik de\u011fi\u015fkenliklerine ve HIV\/AIDS ile ya\u015fayan hastalarda sifilis a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan riskli pop\u00fclasyonun saptanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin veriler sunuldu.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\">Y\u00d6NTEMLER\u00a0<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p2\">2016-2020 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Fatih Sultan Mehmet Eg\u0306itim ve Aras\u0327t\u0131rma Hastanesi \u0130nfeksiyon Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 Klini\u011fi\u2019nde takipli ve do\u011frulamas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan HIV\/AIDS hastalar\u0131n\u0131n \u201crapid plasma reagin\u201d (RPR) testi ve \u201c<i>Treponema pallidum <\/i>hemaglutinasyon assay\u201d (TPHA) ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen sifilis tetkikleri retrospektif olarak de\u011ferlendirildi. Hastalar, HIV\/sifilis koinfeksiyonu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan incelendi. Hastanede non-treponemal test olarak RPR, treponemal test olarak ise TPHA \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmakta olup sifilis tan\u0131s\u0131nda geleneksel y\u00f6ntem uygulanmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya al\u0131nan hastalar; 18 ya\u015f ve \u00fczerinde, HIV\/AIDS ile ya\u015fayan, RPR ve TPHA testleri pozitif olan bireylerdir. HIV\/AIDS tan\u0131l\u0131 olup RPR test sonucu negatif hastalar, RPR testi pozitif olup do\u011frulama testi TPHA negatif olan hastalar,\u00a0RPR ve TPHA sonucu pozitif olup medikal ge\u00e7mi\u015finde sifilis tan\u0131s\u0131 ve tedavisi alan hastalar koinfeksiyon olarak de\u011ferlendirilmedi. Titresine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n RPR ve TPHA test sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 pozitif olan hastalar koinfekte kabul edildi. HIV ile ya\u015fayan ve sifilis koinfeksiyonu saptanan hastalar; ya\u015f, cinsiyet, e\u011fitim durumu, medeni durum, sifilis evresi, HIV\/AIDS evresi (HIV infeksiyonu\/AIDS) ve cinsel tercih a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan\u00a0tarand\u0131.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">S\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in t test, gruplar aras\u0131 frekans da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u03c72 testi kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Eg\u0306itim ve Aras\u0327t\u0131rma Hastanesi Klinik Aras\u0327t\u0131rmalar Etik Kurulu\u2019ndan 10 Haziran 2021 ve 71 karar numaras\u0131yla onay al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\">BULGULAR<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_26540\" style=\"width: 1077px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/KD.C36.S1_4263_Sekil.1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26540\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26540\" src=\"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/KD.C36.S1_4263_Sekil.1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1067\" height=\"1852\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/KD.C36.S1_4263_Sekil.1.png 1067w, https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/KD.C36.S1_4263_Sekil.1-150x260.png 150w, https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/KD.C36.S1_4263_Sekil.1-311x540.png 311w, https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/KD.C36.S1_4263_Sekil.1-768x1333.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1067px) 100vw, 1067px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-26540\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\u015eekil 1.<\/strong> \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya Dahil Edilen Hastalar\u0131n Tan\u0131 \u00d6zellikleri<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"p3\">2016-2020 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Fatih Sultan Mehmet Eg\u0306itim ve Aras\u0327t\u0131rma Hastanesi \u0130nfeksiyon Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 Klini\u011fi\u2019nde\u00a0takipli ve do\u011frulamas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan 232 HIV\/AIDS hastas\u0131 tespit edildi. Tetkik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 eksik olan 31 hasta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Hastalar\u0131n RPR ve TPHA titreleri Tablo1\u2019de verildi. HIV\/AIDS tan\u0131s\u0131 almadan \u00f6nce sifilis tan\u0131 ve tedavi \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc olan d\u00f6rt hasta\u00a0koinfeksiyon olarak de\u011ferlendirilmedi. Hasta \u015femas\u0131 \u015eekil 1\u2019de \u00f6zetlendi.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_26543\" style=\"width: 2191px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/KD.C36.S1_4263_Tablo.1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26543\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26543\" src=\"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/KD.C36.S1_4263_Tablo.1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2181\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/KD.C36.S1_4263_Tablo.1.png 2181w, https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/KD.C36.S1_4263_Tablo.1-390x67.png 390w, https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/KD.C36.S1_4263_Tablo.1-810x138.png 810w, https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/KD.C36.S1_4263_Tablo.1-768x131.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2181px) 100vw, 2181px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-26543\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Tablo 1.<\/strong> Sifilis Koinfekte Hastalar\u0131n RPR\/TPHA Titreleri<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_26545\" style=\"width: 1078px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/KD.C36.S1_4263_Tablo.2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26545\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26545\" src=\"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/KD.C36.S1_4263_Tablo.2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1068\" height=\"2109\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/KD.C36.S1_4263_Tablo.2.png 1068w, https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/KD.C36.S1_4263_Tablo.2-132x260.png 132w, https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/KD.C36.S1_4263_Tablo.2-273x540.png 273w, https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/KD.C36.S1_4263_Tablo.2-768x1517.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1068px) 100vw, 1068px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-26545\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Tablo 2.<\/strong> HIV ile Ya\u015fayan Hastalarda Sifilis Koinfekte Olan ve Olmayan Hastalar\u0131n Epidemiyolojik Verileri<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"p3\">Hastalar\u0131n cinsel tercihleri de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; 26 (%55.3) hasta heteroseks\u00fcel, 17 (%36.1) hasta erkeklerle seks yapan erkek (men who have sex with men- MSM) ve 4 (%8.6) hasta biseks\u00fceldi. Sifilis koinfeksiyon oranlar\u0131 heteroseks\u00fcel bireylerde %17.9 (26\/145) iken MSM ve biseks\u00fcel bireylerde %37.5 (n=21\/56) olarak saptand\u0131; MSM ve biseks\u00fcel pop\u00fclasyonda sifilis koinfeksiyonu istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 d\u00fczeyde y\u00fcksekti (<i>p<\/i>&lt;0.05). \u00c7oklu cinsel partner tarifleyen hasta say\u0131s\u0131 37 olup 10 hastan\u0131n tek cinsel partneri vard\u0131. Elde etti\u011fimiz verilere g\u00f6re; iki hasta ilkokul, iki hasta ortaokul, 30 hasta lise ve 13 hasta \u00fcniversite mezunu idi. Hastalar\u0131n 32\u2019si HIV infeksiyonu evresinde\u00a0iken 15 hasta AIDS tan\u0131l\u0131 idi. Hastal\u0131k evreleri, reinfeksiyon oranlar\u0131, sifilis infekte ve koinfekte hastalar\u0131n epidemiyolojik verileri Tablo 2\u2019de verildi. Tersiyer sifilis, n\u00f6rosifilis ve konjenital sifilis tan\u0131l\u0131 hasta yoktu.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">2020 Avrupa Sifilis Tedavi Rehberi (21) \u00f6nerileri do\u011frultusunda y\u00fcksek titre RPR nedeniyle lomber ponksiyon (LP) yap\u0131lan alt\u0131 hastan\u0131n beyin-omurilik s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 (BOS) bulgular\u0131 normal olarak tespit edildi. Menenjit \u015f\u00fcpheli iki hastaya yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan LP sonras\u0131 da BOS bulgular\u0131n\u0131n normal oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Tedavi sonras\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen RPR d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015flerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; 3\/6 ay sonra 2 log d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f sa\u011flama oran\u0131n\u0131n %82 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Tedavisi penisilin ile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan hasta say\u0131s\u0131 46 olup bir hastaya penisiline ba\u011fl\u0131 anaflaktik \u015fok hikayesi oldu\u011fundan 28 g\u00fcn doksisiklin tedavisi uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir hastada penisilin tedavisi ile birlikte Jarisch-Herxheimer reaksiyonu meydana gelmi\u015f ve steroid tedavisi ile m\u00fcdahale edilmi\u015fti. D\u00f6rt hastada korunmas\u0131z cinsel temas \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc sonras\u0131nda reinfeksiyon saptan\u0131p RPR titre art\u0131\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle yeniden tedavi verildi\u011fi saptand\u0131.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"p1\">\u0130RDELEME<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p2\">\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131n evrenini olu\u015fturan ve HIV ile ya\u015fayan 201 hastan\u0131n sifilis koinfeksiyon oran\u0131 %23.38 (47\/201) olarak saptand\u0131.<b> <\/b>Kad\u0131n hasta say\u0131s\u0131 iki olup 45 (%95.7) hasta erkekti. \u00dclkemizde yap\u0131lan \u00e7ok merkezli bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada HIV\/sifilis koinfeksiyon oran\u0131 %8 (12); <span class=\"s2\">Lee ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n (13) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda ise %48.3 olarak saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Literat\u00fcr taramas\u0131nda, \u00fc<\/span>lkemizde HIV\/sifilis koinfeksiyon oranlar\u0131 %1-25 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tespit edildi (4,14).<span class=\"s2\"> HIV\/sifilis koinfeksiyon oranlar\u0131 \u00fclke, cinsel tercih, e\u011fitim durumuna g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmekle birlikte verilerimiz literat\u00fcr bulgular\u0131 ile uyumludur<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda, HIV\/sifilis koinfekte hastalar\u0131n ya\u015f ortalamas\u0131 41.36 idi; sifilis olmayan hastalarda ya\u015f ortalamas\u0131 41.11 olup sifilis koinfekte olan ve olmayan hastalar aras\u0131nda istatistiksel d\u00fczeyde fark saptanmad\u0131 (<i>p<\/i>&gt;0.05). Literat\u00fcre g\u00f6re HIV\/sifilis koinfekte hastalar olmayanlara g\u00f6re daha gen\u00e7 ya\u015f grubundad\u0131r (13). \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda, sifilis ile koinfekte olan ve olmayan hastalar irdelendi\u011finde; hastalar\u0131n ya\u015f gruplar\u0131, e\u011fitim durumlar\u0131, medeni durumlar\u0131 ve HIV\/AIDS evresi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan iki grup aras\u0131nda istatistiksel d\u00fczeyde fark saptanmad\u0131 (<i>p<\/i>&gt;0.05) (Tablo 2).<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s1\">Hastalar\u0131n 26 (%55.3)\u2019s\u0131 heteroseks\u00fcel, 21 (% 44.7)\u2019i MSM ve biseks\u00fceldi. T\u00fcm hastalar irdelendi\u011finde heteroseks\u00fcel hastalarda sifilis koinfeksiyon oran\u0131 %17.9 (26\/145) iken MSM ve biseks\u00fcel hastalarda %37.5 (21\/56) olarak saptanm\u0131\u015f olup<\/span><span class=\"s3\"> istatistiksel olarak <\/span><span class=\"s1\">anlaml\u0131 d\u00fczeyde y\u00fcksekti (<i>p<\/i>&lt;0.05). Bu bulgular, \u00fclkemizin koinfekte hasta verileri ile uyumludur (15). Hastalar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa latent infeksiyon d\u00f6neminde tan\u0131 koyulmu\u015ftur. Harman ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n (16) yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Sar\u0131g\u00fcl ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n (17) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda da benzer \u015fekilde latent infeksiyon oranlar\u0131 y\u00fcksek saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s4\">\u00c7in\u2019de yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, koinfekte hastalar aras\u0131nda lise ve y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011frenim mezunu olanlar\u0131n oran\u0131\u00a0%76.7 olarak saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (18). Sar\u0131g\u00fcl ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n (12) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda ise ilkokul mezunu hasta oran\u0131 %31, lise ve \u00fcniversite mezunu hasta oran\u0131 ise %55\u2019tir. \u00dclkemizde yap\u0131lan bir di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, lise ve \u00fcniversite mezunu koinfekte hasta oran\u0131 %61.3 olarak tespit edilmi\u015ftir. (19).\u00a0 Bizim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda, 30 (%63.8) hasta lise ve 13 (%27.6) hasta \u00fcniversite mezunu idi; hastalar\u0131n %95.5\u2019i lise ve \u00fcniversite mezunu olarak saptand\u0131. S\u00f6z konusu e\u011fitim d\u00fczeyleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin \u00fclkemiz ortalamas\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fcksek olan sosyoekonomik durumuyla a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. Bu sonu\u00e7, cinsel e\u011fitimin hastan\u0131n e\u011fitim d\u00fczeyine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n verilmesi gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne\u00a0sermektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">2020 Avrupa Sifilis Tedavi Rehberi; CD4<sup>+<\/sup> say\u0131s\u0131 &lt;350 olan ve VDRL\/RPR titresi &gt;1:32 olan latent sifilisli hastalara ve uygun sifilis tedavisi sonras\u0131 6-12 ayda VDRL\/RPR titresi 4 kat d\u00fc\u015fmeyen HIV ile ya\u015fayan bireylere, asemptomatik n\u00f6rosifilis ekartasyonu i\u00e7in LP yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermektedir (20). Ancak bu kriterlere uyan alt\u0131 hastaya yap\u0131lan LP sonucunda hi\u00e7bir hastada n\u00f6rosifilis bulgusuna rastlanmam\u0131\u015f olup bu az say\u0131daki hasta verisi CD4<sup>+<\/sup> say\u0131s\u0131 ve RPR titresine g\u00f6re asemptomatik n\u00f6rosifilis tahmin etme tezini desteklememektedir.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Antibiyotik kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fun olmas\u0131 ve yeni tan\u0131 koyulan HIV\/AIDS hastalar\u0131nda sifilis taramas\u0131n\u0131n rutin olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle tersiyer sifilise di\u011fer sifilis t\u00fcrlerine g\u00f6re daha az rastlanmaktad\u0131r (19,21).\u00a0 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda, tersiyer sifilis olgusuna rastlanmamas\u0131 bu nedenlere ba\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Sonu\u00e7 olarak;<b> <\/b>g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, B=B yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 korunma y\u00f6ntemlerinin arka plana at\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle sifilisin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hepatit B virusu, herpes viruslar\u0131, HPV vb. kaynakl\u0131 bir\u00e7ok bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131k olmas\u0131 nedeniyle HIV ile ya\u015fayan hastalarda bariyer y\u00f6ntemlerle cinsel korunma \u00f6nemini korumaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>G\u0130R\u0130\u015e G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u201chuman immunodeficiency virus\u201d (HIV) ve Treponema pallidum ortak bula\u015fma yollar\u0131 olan, benzer hasta grubunu etkileyen ve s\u0131kl\u0131kla koinfeksiyona neden olan iki \u00f6nemli infeksiy\u00f6z ajand\u0131r. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler HIV\/AIDS Program\u0131 (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS &#8211; UNAIDS) verilerine g\u00f6re HIV\/AIDS olgu say\u0131s\u0131 k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde 2010 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re yakla\u015f\u0131k %30 azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak \u00fclkemizde mevcut pandemi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5129],"tags":[5649,5648,4078,3693],"class_list":["post-26402","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ozgun-arastirma","tag-bb","tag-hiv-aids","tag-koinfeksiyon","tag-sifilis"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26402","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26402"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26402\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26821,"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26402\/revisions\/26821"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26402"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26402"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26402"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}