{"id":25843,"date":"2022-11-17T11:54:24","date_gmt":"2022-11-17T08:54:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/?p=25843"},"modified":"2023-01-02T15:25:31","modified_gmt":"2023-01-02T12:25:31","slug":"saglik-calisanlarinda-covid-19-bulasma-dinamikleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/2022\/11\/17\/saglik-calisanlarinda-covid-19-bulasma-dinamikleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Pandeminin \u0130lk D\u00f6neminde Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131nda COVID-19 Bula\u015fma Dinamikleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/h2>\n

COVID-19 etkeni zoonotik kaynakl\u0131 bir virustur. \u0130nsandan insana damlac\u0131k, temas ve baz\u0131 durumlarda aerosol yoluyla bula\u015f\u0131r. Bu nedenle, COVID-19 tan\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen olgulara standart, damlac\u0131k ve temas izolasyonu \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r (1).<\/p>\n

COVID-19 gibi di\u011fer t\u00fcm bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde, \u00f6zellikle sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak sa\u011fl\u0131k bak\u0131m ortamlar\u0131nda infeksiyon \u00f6nleme ve kontrol\u00fc uygulamalar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r (2). Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klara maruz kalma riskiyle s\u00fcrekli kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r; onlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, sadece hasta bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda virusu yaymalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in de zorunludur (3). \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ki\u015fisel koruyucu ekipman (KKE) kullan\u0131m\u0131 bilincinin geli\u015fmesi ve uygun KKE kullan\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131nda infeksiyon riskini azaltmada \u00f6nemli rol oynamaktad\u0131r. (1).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti Ulusal Sa\u011fl\u0131k Komisyonu, 24 \u015eubat 2020 g\u00fcn\u00fc itibariyle, \u00c7in\u2019de COVID-19 tan\u0131l\u0131 77 262 hastan\u0131n 3387 (%4.4)\u2019sinin sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 veya sa\u011fl\u0131k tesislerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015ftir. Toplam 23 sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 3 Nisan 2020 itibariyle t\u0131bbi uygulama s\u0131ras\u0131nda infekte olmu\u015f ve hayat\u0131n\u0131 COVID-19 nedeniyle kaybetmi\u015ftir (3). D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (DS\u00d6), salg\u0131n nedeniyle en az 115 000 sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc 24 May\u0131s 2021 tarihinde do\u011frulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (4). T\u00fcrk Tabipler Birli\u011fi, farkl\u0131 illerin tabip odalar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k kurumlar\u0131ndan derledi\u011fi verilere g\u00f6re, 31 May\u0131s 2021 tarihine kadar 403 aktif sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc rapor etmi\u015ftir. COVID-19\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin %36\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 hekimler, %13.2\u2019sini eczac\u0131lar ve % 6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 hem\u015fire ve ebeler olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Halen COVID-19 nedeniyle \u00f6len sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131na dair sistematik bir k\u00fcresel izlem yap\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r (5). Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda COVID-19 tan\u0131s\u0131 alanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi sa\u011flayan s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da yay\u0131n ve ulusal durum raporu bulunmakta olup tahminler bildirilen say\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha \u00fcst\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir (6). \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

DS\u00d6 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan COVID-19 S\u0131ras\u0131nda Sa\u011fl\u0131k ve Bak\u0131m \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 \u00d6l\u00fcmleri Raporu\u2019ndaki tahminlere g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyada Ocak 2020-May\u0131s 2021 d\u00f6neminde 80 bin ila 180 bin aras\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k ve bak\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n COVID-19 nedeniyle ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi bildirilmektedir. DS\u00d6, sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n COVID-19\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenliklerinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve di\u011fer sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131ndan korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in daha fazla \u00e7aba sarf edilmesi gerekti\u011fini ifade etmektedir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcye \u00fclkelere,\u00a0COVID-19 tan\u0131s\u0131 alan veya bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te COVID-19 hastalar\u0131na hizmet veren sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n takip edilmesi ve sa\u011fl\u0131k durumlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenli olarak raporlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (7).<\/span><\/p>\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda hizmet veren t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar hem bula\u015fmay\u0131 hem de hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n klinik \u015fiddeti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan genel pop\u00fclasyona k\u0131yasla daha fazla risk alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda, COVID-19 tan\u0131s\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n hastal\u0131k bula\u015fma dinamikleri de\u011ferlendirildi; KKE\u2019lerin uygun ve etkin \u015fekilde kullan\u0131m\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekilerek bula\u015fman\u0131n engellenmesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra pandeminin ilk d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fanan belirsizlik ve kayg\u0131 ortam\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi de ama\u00e7land\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Y\u00d6NTEMLER<\/h2>\n

Tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131, kesitsel, retrospektif olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n evrenini bir \u00fcniversite hastanesinde g\u00f6rev yapan ve pandeminin ilk d\u00f6neminde COVID-19 tan\u0131s\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131, idari ve teknik personel; \u00f6rneklemi ise \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya kat\u0131lmay\u0131 kabul eden COVID-19 tan\u0131s\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f 100 sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 olu\u015fturdu. Veriler, 10 Haziran-30 Temmuz 2020 tarihleri aras\u0131nda toplanm\u0131\u015f olup demografik bilgileri, hastal\u0131k bilgilerini, COVID-19 bula\u015fma durumunu, KKE kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren parametrelerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 COVID-19 Tan\u0131l\u0131 Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n Bula\u015fma Durumlar\u0131n\u0131n De\u011ferlendirilmesi Anket Formu kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Anket formu ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirildi. Anket, y\u00fcz y\u00fcze veya telefon ile yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan dolduruldu.<\/p>\n

On be\u015f sorudan olu\u015fan formda; ya\u015f, cinsiyet, hastal\u0131k tan\u0131 tarihi, meslek, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yeri, temas durumu, hasta temas\u0131 varsa olay\u0131n yaz\u0131lmas\u0131, tan\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda semptom varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kan grubu, KKE kullan\u0131m\u0131nda sorun ya\u015fama durumu, KKE kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili e\u011fitim alma durumu, tan\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi, profilaktik ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131m durumu sorular\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

SPSS (\u201cStatistical Package for the Social Sciences\u201d) versiyon 21.0 program\u0131 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, ABD) ile tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 tipte ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemlerine uygun olarak s\u0131kl\u0131k, tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131, ili\u015fki aray\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle verilerin analizi yap\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcm kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi -Cerrahpa\u015fa Cerrahpa\u015fa T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi Etik Kurulu\u2019ndan 3 Kas\u0131m 2020 tarihinde A31 karar numaras\u0131yla ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bilimsel Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Platformu\u2019ndan 23 Haziran 2020 tarihinde onay al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

BULGULAR<\/h2>\n

Tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 Bulgular<\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/a>

Tablo 1.<\/strong> Sosyo-Demografik \u00d6zelliklerin Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya kat\u0131lan COVID-19 tan\u0131l\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n %60\u2019\u0131 kad\u0131nd\u0131; hem\u015fireler %34 oran\u0131yla en b\u00fcy\u00fck grubu olu\u015fturuyordu. COVID-19 biriminde hi\u00e7 g\u00f6rev almayanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %41, sadece n\u00f6bet tutanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %33 ve s\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 ise\u00a0 <\/span>%26 idi (Tablo 1).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Tablo 2.<\/strong> Ya\u015f ve Deneyim S\u00fcresi<\/p><\/div>\n

Ya\u015f ve mesleki deneyim \u00f6zellikleri incelendi\u011finde; ya\u015f ortalamalar\u0131n\u0131n 37.5\u00b110.2 y\u0131l ve mesleki deneyim s\u00fcre ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n 11.9\u00b110.4 y\u0131l oldu\u011fu tespit edildi (Tablo 2).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bula\u015fmayla \u0130lgili Bulgular<\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/a>

Tablo 3.<\/strong> Temas, Kan Grubu ve Rh Durumu<\/p><\/div>\n

Son 14 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde COVID-19 tan\u0131l\u0131 bir ki\u015fiyle temas\u0131 olanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %32 ile en b\u00fcy\u00fck grubu olu\u015fturuyordu. Kan grubu da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n oranlar\u0131; %43 A grubu ve %89.4 Rh-pozitif olarak belirlendi (Tablo 3).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Tablo 4.<\/strong> Ki\u015fisel Koruyucu Ekipman (KKE) Kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve E\u011fitimi Durumu<\/p><\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Tablo 5.<\/strong> Ki\u015fisel Koruyucu Ekipman (KKE) Kullan\u0131m\u0131nda Ya\u015fan\u0131lan Sorunlar\u0131n E\u011fitim Alma Durumlar\u0131na G\u00f6re De\u011ferlendirilmesi*<\/p><\/div>\n

KKE ile ilgili e\u011fitim alma durumlar\u0131 ve kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde; kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %52\u2019si e\u011fitim almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, %51\u2019i KKE kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili sorun ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve sorun ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 KKE\u2019lerinin eksik oldu\u011funu belirtti (Tablo 4). KKE kullan\u0131m\u0131nda ya\u015fanan sorunlar e\u011fitim alma durumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 d\u00fczeyde bir ili\u015fki olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlendi (Tablo 5).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130RDELEME<\/h2>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda, hem\u015fireler %34 oran\u0131yla en b\u00fcy\u00fck COVID-19 tan\u0131l\u0131 meslek grubu olarak tespit edildi. Hastalarla daha uzun s\u00fcre temas halinde olmalar\u0131 ve pandemi servislerinde hastalar\u0131n t\u00fcm bak\u0131m ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamalar\u0131 bula\u015fma y\u00f6n\u00fcnden riskli bir durumda olmalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayabilir. Wang ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 (2) yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda %60 oran\u0131yla en \u00e7ok hem\u015firelerin infekte oldu\u011funu tespit etmi\u015ftir. Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na COVID-19 bula\u015fmas\u0131nda etkili fakt\u00f6rlerden olan infekte hastalar ile uzun s\u00fcreli temas durumunun infeksiyon riskinde art\u0131\u015f olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 farkl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda da tespit edilmi\u015ftir (6).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda, COVID-19 biriminde n\u00f6bet tutan ya da s\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n COVID-19 tan\u0131s\u0131 alma oran\u0131 %59, COVID-19 biriminde hi\u00e7 g\u00f6rev almayanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %41 olarak bulundu. Bu sonucun, sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n hastalarla daha uzun s\u00fcreli temaslar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n hastayla temas\u0131 ile yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 risk konusunda yap\u0131lacak yorumlar\u0131, hasta temas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya da bilinmeyen bula\u015fma yollar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fu zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bununla beraber, benzer \u00f6zellikte ve ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemlere ait \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda; y\u00fcksek riskli birimlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n infeksiyon riskini art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir (8, 9). \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda, son 14 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde COVID-19 tan\u0131l\u0131 bir ki\u015fiyle temas durumu de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n %32\u2019si hasta ile temastan, %21\u2019i hastane ortam\u0131ndaki sosyal ortamdan infekte oldu\u011funu belirtti. Ali ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 (10) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131nda COVID-19 infeksiyonunun, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, infeksiyonun hastane ortam\u0131nda yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda etkili fakt\u00f6rler olarak; sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n COVID-19 hastalar\u0131n\u0131n tedavi ve bak\u0131m\u0131nda \u00f6n saflarda yer almalar\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131k sisteminin pandemiye haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z olmas\u0131, pandeminin ilk d\u00f6neminde virus bula\u015f yollar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yetersiz bilgiye sahip olunmas\u0131, KKE kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili bilgi eksikli\u011fi, KKE eksikli\u011fi ve izolasyonun neden oldu\u011fu psikolojik sorunlar olarak belirtilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sommerstein ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 (11) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, hasta ile do\u011frudan temasl\u0131 olan veya olmayan sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131nda COVID-19 insidans oranlar\u0131n\u0131n benzer oldu\u011funu; toplum kaynakl\u0131 veya i\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bula\u015fman\u0131n, infekte hastalardan ve hastane kaynakl\u0131 bula\u015fmadan daha olas\u0131 oldu\u011funu i\u015faret etmi\u015ftir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda, hastane ortam\u0131ndaki sosyal alanlar, hane halk\u0131 ve toplumdaki sosyal ortamdan bula\u015fma olabilece\u011fini ifade eden COVID-19 tan\u0131l\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 oran\u0131 %37, bula\u015fman\u0131n nereden olabilece\u011fini bilmeyenlerin oran\u0131 %31\u2019dir. \u00dclkemizde yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, COVID-19 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7iren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n %18\u2019i hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n hastane d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir (8). Di\u011fer bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ise ba\u015fl\u0131ca bula\u015fma kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak toplum\/aile saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (12).\u00a0 <\/span>\u00dclkemizde pandeminin erken d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck riskin COVID-19 hastalar\u0131na bak\u0131m verilen alanlarda oldu\u011fu ifade edilmekle birlikte sosyal alanlarda, dinlenme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde de bula\u015fman\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131kla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir (13). T\u00fcm bu veriler, pandemi s\u00fcrecinde epidemiyolojik analiz ve genetik incelemeler yap\u0131lmadan elde edildi\u011fi i\u00e7in ve daha da \u00f6nemlisi virusun asemptomatik ya da presemptomatik olgulardan da bula\u015fabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek dikkatle yorumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n, KKE kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili olarak sorun ya\u015fama durumu de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %51\u2019i sorun ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi; %49 oran\u0131nda kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 ise ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131, KKE eksikli\u011fi, KKE kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ihmali, hasta tan\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bilmeme ve KKE\u2019yi yanl\u0131\u015f kullanma olarak ifade etti. Bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na COVID-19 bula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen fakt\u00f6rler olarak; KKE giyme ve \u00e7\u0131karma konusunda fark\u0131ndal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve e\u011fitimlerinin yeterli olmamas\u0131, infeksiyonu \u00f6nleme ve kontrol alt\u0131na alma konusunda bilgi eksikli\u011fi ve KKE yetersizli\u011fi olarak bildirilmi\u015ftir (6). Atkinson ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n (14) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n COVID-19\u2019dan korunmas\u0131nda KKE kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve e\u011fitiminin \u00f6nemi vurgulanm\u0131\u015f; pandemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikli oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Ali ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 (10) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, KKE kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili olarak e\u011fitim eksikli\u011fi ve yetersiz malzemenin bula\u015fma riskini art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Madran ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 (8), uygun olmayan KKE kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n infeksiyon riskini art\u0131ran \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6r oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015ftir. Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n KKE kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar e\u011fitim ile b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir. Kurumumuzda, \u00f6ncelikli olarak COVID-19 servislerinde g\u00f6rev yapan ya da n\u00f6bet tutan t\u00fcm sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na \u0130nfeksiyon Kontrol Komitesi \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan birebir KKE kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusunda e\u011fitim verilmi\u015ftir. Ancak \u00f6zellikle kayg\u0131n\u0131n egemen oldu\u011fu bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te s\u00f6z konusu e\u011fitimlerin ne kadar etkili oldu\u011fu di\u011fer \u00f6nemli bir sorun olarak tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu konudaki bir de\u011ferlendirmede \u201c\u2026 Maskelerin sembolik rolleri de oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r; sadece bir ara\u00e7 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n hastanelerinde hissettikleri sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olma ve g\u00fcven duygusunu art\u0131rmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek ara\u00e7lard\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr yakla\u015f\u0131mlar tam olarak mant\u0131kl\u0131 gelmese dahi, kriz zamanlar\u0131nda hepimiz korku ve endi\u015feye maruz kal\u0131yoruz. \u00d6zellikle d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki maske k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, korku ve kayg\u0131yla, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde faydal\u0131 olan bir maskeden ziyade, veri ve e\u011fitimle daha iyi m\u00fccadele edilebilece\u011fi iddia edilebilir; ancak klinisyenlerin mevcut krizin yo\u011fun etkisinde bu mesaj\u0131 duymas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak zordur\u2026<\/i>\u201d denilmektedir (15).<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda, COVID-19 tan\u0131s\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n kan gruplar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun A grubu ve Rh-pozitif oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Solmaz ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n (16) \u00fclkemizde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada da COVID-19 tan\u0131s\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f 1667 hastan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu A grubu ve Rh-pozitif olarak tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Zhoa ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n (17) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda, kan grubu A olanlar\u0131n COVID-19 yatk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda artma ve O grubunda azalma oldu\u011fu bulunmu\u015ftur (17). Bu konuda daha kapsaml\u0131 verilere ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131n temel k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131; s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131, baz\u0131 verilerin telefon ile elde edilmesi ve k\u0131sa bir zaman diliminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesidir. Ayr\u0131ca SARS CoV-2 virusunun bula\u015fma yollar\u0131n\u0131n kesin olarak saptanabilece\u011fi genetik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmadan, ki\u015filerin epidemiyolojik verileri ile bula\u015fma yollar\u0131 belirlenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 <\/span>Fakat bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6zellikle pandeminin hemen ba\u015f\u0131nda ve kayg\u0131 d\u00fczeyinin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu s\u00fcre\u00e7teki yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yans\u0131tmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferli bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 sunuyor olabilir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pandeminin ilk d\u00f6neminde sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n COVID-19 bula\u015f\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen fakt\u00f6rler olarak; infeksiyona neden olan patojenin \u00f6zelliklerinin iyi anla\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 stres, kayg\u0131, KKE yetersizli\u011fi, sistematik e\u011fitim ve uygulamalar\u0131n yap\u0131lamamas\u0131, rehberli\u011fin yeterli olmamas\u0131, uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri ve sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na toplumdan veya i\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131ndan bula\u015fman\u0131n olmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n pandemi s\u00fcrecinde hastal\u0131k bula\u015fmas\u0131ndan korunmas\u0131 en \u00f6nemli konudur. Pandemi d\u00f6nemlerinde sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na \u00f6ncelik verilmeli ve bu y\u00f6nde politikalar geli\u015ftirilmelidir.\u00a0 <\/span>Ayr\u0131ca t\u00fcm sa\u011fl\u0131k kurumlar\u0131nda, KKE kullan\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak \u00f6ncelikli ve sistematik e\u011fitimlerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u0130R\u0130\u015e COVID-19 etkeni zoonotik kaynakl\u0131 bir virustur. \u0130nsandan insana damlac\u0131k, temas ve baz\u0131 durumlarda aerosol yoluyla bula\u015f\u0131r. Bu nedenle, COVID-19 tan\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen olgulara standart, damlac\u0131k ve temas izolasyonu \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r (1). COVID-19 gibi di\u011fer t\u00fcm bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde, \u00f6zellikle sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak sa\u011fl\u0131k bak\u0131m ortamlar\u0131nda infeksiyon \u00f6nleme ve kontrol\u00fc uygulamalar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5129],"tags":[5174,3243,4229,3682,5549],"class_list":["post-25843","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ozgun-arastirma","tag-covid-19","tag-infeksiyon","tag-pandemi","tag-saglik-calisani","tag-temasli"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25843","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25843"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25843\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26300,"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25843\/revisions\/26300"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25843"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25843"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25843"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}