{"id":25271,"date":"2022-08-22T15:24:30","date_gmt":"2022-08-22T12:24:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/?p=25271"},"modified":"2022-10-13T15:05:12","modified_gmt":"2022-10-13T12:05:12","slug":"hemsirelerde-takviye-gida-kullanimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/2022\/08\/22\/hemsirelerde-takviye-gida-kullanimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Pandemide Aktif \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan Hem\u015firelerde Beslenme ve Takviye G\u0131da Kullanma Durumu ile COVID-19 Korkusu \u0130li\u015fkisi"},"content":{"rendered":"

G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/h2>\n

D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (DS\u00d6) \u00c7in \u00dclke Ofisi, \u00c7in\u2019in Hubei eyaletine ba\u011fl\u0131 Vuhan \u015fehrinde, 31 Aral\u0131k 2019\u2019da etiyolojisi a\u00e7\u0131klanamayan solunum yolu infeksiyonu olgular\u0131 bildirmi\u015f ve ilk olgular \u201cnedeni bilinmeyen pn\u00f6moni<\/i>\u201d olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. DS\u00d6 taraf\u0131ndan; 7 Ocak 2020\u2019de hastal\u0131k etkeninin, daha \u00f6nce insanlarda tespit edilmemi\u015f ve koronavirus ailesine ait yeni bir virus (2019-nCoV) oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f, 30 Ocak 2020\u2019de \u201culuslararas\u0131 \u00f6neme sahip halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 acil durumu<\/i>\u201d olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve 11 Mart 2020\u2019de k\u00fcresel salg\u0131n (pandemi) olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (1, 2). \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

COVID-19 esas olarak damlac\u0131k yoluyla bula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Hasta bireylerin \u00f6ks\u00fcrme ve hap\u015f\u0131rmalar\u0131 yoluyla yay\u0131lan damlac\u0131klar\u0131n oldu\u011fu ortama sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bireylerin elleri ile temas etmesi ve sonras\u0131nda elleriyle a\u011f\u0131z, burun veya g\u00f6zlere dokunmalar\u0131 bula\u015fa neden olmaktad\u0131r. COVID-19 i\u00e7in bula\u015f riski en y\u00fcksek olanlar, hastayla yak\u0131n temastakiler veya hasta bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapanlard\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hastalara bak\u0131m veren sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131, infeksiyon a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek riskli kabul edilmekte ve korunmalar\u0131 en \u00f6nemli \u00f6nceliklerden biri olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir (3).<\/p>\n

COVID-19 pandemisi s\u00fcrecinde ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler, sa\u011fl\u0131k ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan d\u00fcnyay\u0131 etkisi alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Salg\u0131n; halk\u0131n g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131, i\u015f yapma bi\u00e7imlerini ve t\u00fcketim tercihlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra beslenme \u015feklini de de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ilk pozitif koronavirus olgusunun tespitiyle birlikte kademeli olarak \u00fclke genelinde \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00f6nlemlerden en \u00f6nemlisi, bireylerin evlerinde kalarak izole olmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak olmu\u015ftur. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck hareketlili\u011finin k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 nedeniyle g\u00fcnl\u00fck kalori harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra beslenmelerinde de bir dengesizli\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Beslenmedeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin geli\u015fimini de etkilemektedir.\u00a0 <\/span>Beslenme ile imm\u00fcn sistem ve infeksiyonlar aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan bir ili\u015fki bulunmaktad\u0131r. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir beslenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, imm\u00fcn sistemi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmekte ve viral infeksiyonlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemektedir (4, 5). COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131nda, infeksiyona kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla sa\u011fl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda da beslenmeye dikkat etmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k \u00fczerinde olumlu etkisi oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen takviye g\u0131da kullan\u0131m\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f e\u011filimi g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir (6).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Literat\u00fcre bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; salg\u0131nlar s\u0131ras\u0131nda bireylerin sa\u011fl\u0131k\/hastal\u0131k ve riski alg\u0131lama d\u00fczeylerinin ve bu salg\u0131nlara verdikleri tepkilerin farkl\u0131 demografik (ya\u015f, cinsiyet, sosyo-ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel) de\u011fi\u015fkenlere g\u00f6re ve \u00fclkeden \u00fclkeye farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ancak COVID-19 s\u00fcrecinde bireylerin hastal\u0131\u011fa ve riske dair alg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan son d\u00f6nem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda t\u0131pk\u0131 salg\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcreselle\u015fmesi gibi salg\u0131na verilen tepkilerin de k\u00fcreselle\u015fti\u011fi dikkati \u00e7ekmektedir (7). Kwok ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n (8) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 (%97) COVID-19 ile ilgili olarak endi\u015feli olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck d\u00fczenlerinin bozuldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hem\u015firelik; b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcn, hafta sonlar\u0131, tatiller ve de\u011fi\u015fen vardiyalarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131labilen bir meslektir. Uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri ve i\u015f stresi hem\u015firelerin uyku ve beslenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 etkilemektedir. Yetersiz uyku ve dengesiz beslenme de ki\u015finin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkiler (9, 10). COVID-19 pandemisi s\u00fcrecinde \u00f6n cephede sava\u015fan sa\u011fl\u0131k profesyonellerinden olan hem\u015fireler uzun s\u00fcren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerine maruz kalm\u0131\u015flar; ailelerini virusten korumak i\u00e7in evlerine gidememi\u015fler ve yurtlarda, misafirhanelerde konaklamak durumunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu durum, hem\u015firelerin beslenmesini de etkilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Literat\u00fcrde COVID-19 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili pek \u00e7ok yay\u0131n olmakla birlikte salg\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle hem\u015firelerde beslenme ve takviye g\u0131da kullan\u0131m\u0131na etkisiyle ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sebeple, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada hem\u015firelerde beslenme ve takviye g\u0131da kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n COVID-19 korkusu ile ili\u015fkisinin saptanmas\u0131 ama\u00e7land\u0131. Bu sayede hem\u015firelerin yeme bozukluklar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f sebepleri, hangi besin takviyesinin ne ama\u00e7la ve hangi i\u00e7erikte tercih edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131labilecek ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sonu\u00e7la bir fark\u0131ndal\u0131k yarat\u0131larak hem\u015firelerin alacaklar\u0131 \u00f6nlemlere ve kendi sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetmelerine katk\u0131 sa\u011flanabilecektir.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma temel olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki iki soruya dayanmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Hem\u015firelerin beslenme ve takviye g\u0131da kullanma durumlar\u0131 ile COVID-19 korku d\u00fczeyleri aras\u0131nda ili\u015fki var m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n

Pandemi \u00f6ncesi ve s\u0131ras\u0131nda takviye g\u0131da kullan\u0131m\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik var m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n

Y\u00d6NTEMLER<\/h2>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131, kesitsel ve ili\u015fki aray\u0131c\u0131 niteliktedir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n evrenini, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 1 Ocak 2020 tarihinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta olan 198 465 hem\u015fire olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Evrenin belli oldu\u011fu durumlara uygun olarak \u00f6rneklem hesaplama form\u00fcl\u00fc kullan\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u00f6rneklem say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in en az 267 hem\u015firenin yeterli oldu\u011fu belirlendi. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya, pandemi s\u00fcrecinde aktif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, sosyal payla\u015f\u0131m sitesi ve sosyal payla\u015f\u0131m a\u011f\u0131 kullanan 485 hem\u015fire kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Veriler, tan\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 soru formu ve \u201cCOVID-19 Korkusu \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi<\/i>\u201d ile elde edildi. Tan\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 soru formunda; hem\u015firelerin mesleki \u00f6zellikleri, beslenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 ve takviye edici besin kullanma durumlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik sorular yer almaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 <\/span>Ahorsu ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 (11) taraf\u0131ndan 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ge\u00e7erlik ve g\u00fcvenirli\u011fi Sat\u0131c\u0131 ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 (12) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00e7ek, 7 madde ve tek alt boyuttan olu\u015fan 5\u2019li likert tipi bir \u00f6l\u00e7ektir; ters madde bulunmamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00e7ek puanlamas\u0131;\u00a0 <\/span>\u201cKesinlikle kat\u0131lm\u0131yorum<\/i>\u201d 1 (bir), \u201cKat\u0131lm\u0131yorum<\/i>\u201d 2 (iki), \u201cKarars\u0131z\u0131m<\/i>\u201d 3 (\u00fc\u00e7), \u201cKat\u0131l\u0131yorum<\/i>\u201d 4 (d\u00f6rt) ve \u201cKesinlikle kat\u0131l\u0131yorum<\/i>\u201d 5 (be\u015f) \u015feklinde yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00e7ekten; en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck 7, en y\u00fcksek 35 puan al\u0131nmakta olup al\u0131nan puanlar artt\u0131k\u00e7a, korku d\u00fczeyi artmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fin Cronbach alfa de\u011feri 0.82 olarak hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda ise \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fin Cronbach alfa de\u011feri 0.85 olarak bulundu.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, sosyal payla\u015f\u0131m siteleri \u00fczerinden \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i anket olarak payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup kat\u0131lmay\u0131 kabul eden ve pandemi s\u00fcrecinde aktif olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan hem\u015fireler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya d\u00e2hil edildi. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n verileri, Aral\u0131k 2020 \u2013 Mart 2021 tarihleri aras\u0131nda topland\u0131. Anket sorular\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131tlanma s\u00fcresi yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 dakikad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in Okan \u00dcniversitesi Etik Kurulu\u2019ndan 11 Kas\u0131m 2020 tarih ve 128 karar numaras\u0131yla onay al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Etik kurul onay\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hizmetleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019ne Bilimsel Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Ba\u015fvurusu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve onay al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7evrimi\u00e7i olarak haz\u0131rlanan ankette ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n niteli\u011fi hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bilgi verilmi\u015f olup \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya istekli ve g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak kat\u0131lmak isteyen hem\u015firelerin \u201c\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya kat\u0131lmay\u0131 kabul ediyorum<\/i>\u201d se\u00e7ene\u011fini i\u015faretlemeleri y\u00f6ntemiyle onamlar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kimlik bilgileri verilmeden bilimsel ama\u00e7la yay\u0131nlanabilece\u011fi konusunda da bilgi verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130statistiksel Analiz<\/h3>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada elde edilen veriler SPSS (\u201cStatistical Package for Social Sciences\u201d) versiyon 25.0 program\u0131 kullan\u0131larak analiz edildi. Verilerin tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 istatistiklerinde; ortalama, standart sapma, medyan, en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, en y\u00fcksek, frekans ve oran de\u011ferleri kullan\u0131ld\u0131. De\u011fi\u015fkenlerin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 Kolmogorov-Simirnov testi ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc; verilerin normal da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi belirlendi ve parametrik testler kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca, verilerin analizinde t testi, varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve ve x2 <\/sup><\/i>testi kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Elde edilen bulgular %95 g\u00fcven aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve %5 anlaml\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczeyinde de\u011ferlendirildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

BULGULAR<\/h2>\n
\"\"<\/a>

Tablo 1.<\/strong> Hem\u015firelerin Sosyo-Demografik \u00d6zelliklerine G\u00f6re Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131ndaki hem\u015firelerin ya\u015f ortalamas\u0131 31.17\u00b17.37 (minimum: 21, maksimum: 61) y\u0131ld\u0131r; %84.7\u2019si kad\u0131n, %58.6\u2019s\u0131 lisans mezunu, %51.1\u2019i bek\u00e2r ve %71.5\u2019i sigara i\u00e7memektedir. Pandemi servisinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %53.2 olup %54.4\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn haftada 41-50 saat ve %70.5\u2019in g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ve gece d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc vardiyada \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlendi\u00a0 <\/span>(Tablo 1).<\/p>\n

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Tablo 2.<\/strong> Hem\u015firelerin Beslenme Durumu ve Takviye G\u0131da Kullan\u0131m \u00d6zellikleri<\/p><\/div>\n

Pandemi \u00f6ncesi g\u0131da takviyesi kullananlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %23.5 iken pandemi s\u00fcrecinde bu oran %61.9\u2019e y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Pandemi s\u00fcrecinde, hem\u015firelerin %36.9\u2019u yeterli ve dengeli beslendi\u011fini, %35.3\u2019\u00fc \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 nedeniyle yemek yiyemedi\u011fini ve %44.1\u2019i beslenmesine daha fazla dikkat etti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015ftah azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %18.8 olup %20.6\u2019s\u0131 kilo kayb\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, %38.1\u2019i g\u0131da takviyesi kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; %29.9\u2019u ise multivitamin ve mineral deste\u011fi ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir. COVID-19\u2019un \u00f6nlenmesinde ve\/veya tedavisine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak amac\u0131yla g\u0131da takviyesi kullananlar\u0131n oran\u0131 %34.4\u2019t\u00fcr; %42.3\u2019\u00fc g\u0131da takviyesinin COVID-19\u2019un \u00f6nlemesinde, tedavi etmede veya iyile\u015ftirmede etkili oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etmi\u015f olup %21.2\u2019si d\u00fczenli olarak g\u0131da takviyesi kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve %65.8\u2019i \u00e7evresindeki bireylere g\u0131da takviyesi tavsiye etti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir (Tablo 2).<\/p>\n

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Tablo 3.<\/strong> Hem\u015firelerin Beslenme ve Takviye G\u0131da Kullan\u0131m \u00d6zelliklerine G\u00f6re \u00d6l\u00e7ek Puan Ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n

Hem\u015firelerin pandemi s\u00fcresince g\u0131da takviyesi kullanma durumu, yeterli ve dengeli beslenme durumu, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 nedeniyle yemek yiyememe durumu, g\u0131da takviyesi kullanma nedeni, g\u0131da takviyesi kullanma s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7evresindeki bireylere g\u0131da takviyesi tavsiye etme durumu ile COVID-19 korkusu \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi puan ortalamas\u0131 aras\u0131nda istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 d\u00fczeyde ili\u015fki saptand\u0131 (p<\/i><0.05). Pandemi s\u00fcresince g\u0131da takviyesi kullanan, yeterli ve dengeli beslenmeyen, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7o\u011fu zaman yemek yiyemeyen, g\u0131da takviyesini COVID-19\u2019un \u00f6nlenmesinde ve\/veya tedavisine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla kullanan, g\u0131da takviyesini d\u00fczenli kullanan ve \u00e7evresindeki bireylere tavsiye edenlerin korku d\u00fczeyleri daha y\u00fcksek olarak bulundu (Tablo 3).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Tablo 4.<\/strong> Pandemi \u00d6ncesi ve Pandemi S\u00fcrecinde G\u0131da Takviyesi Kullan\u0131m\u0131 Durumunun Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n

Hem\u015firelerin pandemi \u00f6ncesi ve s\u00fcresince g\u0131da takviyesi kullan\u0131m durumlar\u0131 incelenmi\u015f olup g\u0131da takviyesi kullan\u0131m durumlar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ve bu art\u0131\u015f\u0131n istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 d\u00fczeyde oldu\u011fu belirlenmi\u015ftir (p<\/i><0.001) (Tablo 4).<\/p>\n

\u0130RDELEME<\/h2>\n

COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131; nerdeyse t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 etkilemi\u015f, normal hayat\u0131 ve insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 durma noktas\u0131na getirmi\u015f, ekonomik ve sosyal kay\u0131plar do\u011furmu\u015ftur. Ekonominin yan\u0131nda halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, t\u0131bbi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve t\u0131p camias\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 zorlayan kritik m\u00fccadelelerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur (7). Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 da hastal\u0131kla m\u00fccadeleyle beraber bu zorluklardan pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015feni alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Temas\u0131 azaltma ad\u0131na yap\u0131lan karantina uygulamalar\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in tam anlam\u0131yla uygulanabilecek bir kriter olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, salg\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 da risk alt\u0131ndaki gruba dahil oldu. Ancak literat\u00fcrde daha \u00e7ok salg\u0131n odakl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar oldu\u011fu, bu durumla m\u00fccadele eden sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren konular\u0131n tespitine y\u00f6nelik \u00e7ok az \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n da daha \u00e7ok psikolojik y\u00fck ve damgalanma gibi konulara de\u011findi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (13).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n beslenme \u00f6zellikleri incelendi\u011finde; %36.9\u2019unun pandemi s\u00fcrecinde yeterli ve dengeli beslendi\u011fi, %28.5\u2019inin yeterli ve dengeli beslenmedi\u011fi, %34.6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n ise emin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edildi (Tablo 2). Yeterli ve dengeli beslendi\u011finden emin olmaman\u0131n nedeni olarak, pandemi d\u00f6neminde g\u0131daya ula\u015fmama ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin yeterince g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tutulamamas\u0131 endi\u015fesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma bulgusu ile benzer \u015fekilde Pulat-Demir ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n (10) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda da kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n %31.8\u2019i yeterli ve dengeli beslendi\u011fini, %68.2\u2019i ise yeterli ve dengeli beslenmedi\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir. COVID-19 ge\u00e7irmi\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada da kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n tamam\u0131, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 atlatma konusunda yarar sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in dengeli ve d\u00fczenli beslenmeye dikkat etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, beslenme tarz\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir (14).<\/p>\n

Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %35.3\u2019\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 sebebiyle \u00e7o\u011fu zaman yemek yiyemedi\u011fini, %56.3\u2019\u00fc nadiren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 sebebiyle yemek yiyemedi\u011fini, %8.5\u2019i ise \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n beslenme durumunu etkilemedi\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir (Tablo 2). Yeterli mola saatlerinin olmamas\u0131 ve pandemide artan i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc nedeniyle beslenme durumlar\u0131n\u0131n etkilendi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir. Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n beslenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 ve beslenme bilgi d\u00fczeylerinin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada; sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n %34\u2019\u00fc g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, %54.8\u2019i ise s\u0131kl\u0131kla f\u0131rsat bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir (15). Beebe ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n (16) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda, hem\u015firelerin i\u015flerini tamamlamak i\u00e7in ana \u00f6\u011f\u00fcnleri ve molalar\u0131 atlamak zorunda kald\u0131klar\u0131 ve bu durumun da d\u00fczensiz beslenmelerine yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmektedir. COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 sonras\u0131 bireylerin ana ve ara \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn say\u0131lar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen de\u011fi\u015fiklerin de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi ba\u015fka bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada; COVID-19 \u00f6ncesinde ve s\u00fcrecinde istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 d\u00fczeyde fark oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir (17). Bir di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, COVID-19 karantina s\u00fcrecinin beslenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n toplumdan topluma farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi, karantina ve strese ba\u011fl\u0131 yemek yeme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve haz\u0131r yemek t\u00fcketiminin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (18).<\/p>\n

Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %44.1\u2019i pandemi s\u00fcrecinde beslenmesine daha fazla \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini, %60.4\u2019\u00fc i\u015ftah\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve %35.1\u2019i kilosunun artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir (Tablo 2). Kriaucioniene ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n (19), Litvanya\u2019n\u0131n COVID-19 karantina d\u00f6neminde bireylerin sa\u011fl\u0131k davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ve v\u00fccut a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimleri inceledi\u011fi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlama d\u00f6neminde evde normalden daha fazla yemek yedikleri, daha fazla at\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131, evde daha s\u0131k yemek yapt\u0131klar\u0131, kilo al\u0131m\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f ve fiziksel aktivite d\u00fczeyinde azalma oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130talya\u2019da yap\u0131lan bir di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %52\u2019si normale k\u0131yasla t\u00fckettikleri\u00a0<\/span>besin miktarlar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015ftir (20). \u0130talya\u2019da evde kalma s\u00fcrecinin bireylerin beslenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini saptamaya y\u00f6nelik 12-86 ya\u015f aras\u0131ndaki bireylerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %34\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015ftahlar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sonucunda kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %40\u2019\u0131nda hafif bir kilo art\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (21). \u0130zolasyon s\u00fcrecinin obezite \u00fczerine etkisini saptamay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bir anket \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda da, 18 ya\u015f ve \u00fczeri bireylerin %22\u2019sinin 5-10 kg kilo art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yeme davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi bildirilmi\u015f; kilo al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sebebi olarak s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ve stresin yemeye daha \u00e7ok itmesi ve ak\u015fam \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sonras\u0131 at\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 neden g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir (22).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar aras\u0131nda takviye g\u0131da kullanma durumu pandemi \u00f6ncesi d\u00fcnya ortalamalar\u0131n\u0131n gerisinde olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen pandemi etkisi ile d\u00fcnya ortalamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Pandemi d\u00f6neminde takviye g\u0131da kullanma sebepleri sorguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; %34.4\u2019\u00fc COVID-19\u2019un \u00f6nlenmesine veya tedavisine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak amac\u0131yla,\u00a0 <\/span>%13.6\u2019s\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek amac\u0131yla ve %13.8\u2019i yeterli beslenememe sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek fiziksel g\u00fc\u00e7 kayb\u0131n\u0131 ve performans\u0131 art\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir (Tablo 2). Do\u011fan\u2019\u0131n (23) Van ilinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %20\u2019si takviye g\u0131dalar\u0131 bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine ve\/veya tedavisine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak, %17.6\u2019s\u0131 halsizli\u011fi gidermek ve %11.8\u2019i ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek amac\u0131yla kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Sonu\u00e7lar kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda takviye g\u0131da kullan\u0131m nedenleri benzerlik g\u00f6stermektedir. Ki\u015filerin takviye g\u0131da kullanma sebepleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda pandemi d\u00f6neminde hem\u015fireler aras\u0131nda takviye g\u0131da kullanma oran\u0131n\u0131n %23.5\u2019ten %61.9\u2019a y\u00fckselmesi beklenen bir sonu\u00e7 olarak yorumlanabilir. COVID-19 ge\u00e7irmi\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu beslenmesine ek olarak hastal\u0131k d\u00f6neminde g\u0131da takviyesi ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (14). \u00c7in\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada pandemi s\u00fcrecinde bireylerin %31.2\u2019si koronavirusle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kabilmek i\u00e7in besin takviyeleri kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir (24).<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %42.3\u2019\u00fc takviye g\u0131dan\u0131n COVID-19\u2019un \u00f6nlenmesinde veya tedavisinde iyile\u015ftirme etkisi oldu\u011funu, %16.3\u2019\u00fc herhangi bir etkisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, %41.4\u2019\u00fc ise karars\u0131z oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Takviye g\u0131da kullan\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %21.2\u2019si her g\u00fcn d\u00fczenli olarak takviye g\u0131da kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 %40.6\u2019s\u0131 ise ara s\u0131ra\/akl\u0131na geldi\u011finde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir (Tablo 4). Do\u011fan\u2019\u0131n (23) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda her g\u00fcn takviye g\u0131da kullanma oran\u0131n\u0131n %7.1 olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda her g\u00fcn d\u00fczenli takviye g\u0131da kullan\u0131m oran\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131n\u0131n (%21.2) COVID-19\u2019a yakalanma korkusuna ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma grubundaki hem\u015firelerin %65.8\u2019i pandemi d\u00f6neminde \u00e7evresindeki bireylere takviye g\u0131da kullanmay\u0131 tavsiye etti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir (Tablo 2). Bu veri takviye g\u0131dan\u0131n COVID-19\u2019un \u00f6nlenmesinde veya tedavide iyile\u015ftirmede etkili oldu\u011fu konusunda karars\u0131z olan baz\u0131 hem\u015firelerin de \u00e7evresindeki bireylere takviye g\u0131da kullanmay\u0131 tavsiye etti\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. Pandemi d\u00f6neminde kullan\u0131lan g\u0131da takviyelerinin neler oldu\u011fu sorguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %29.9\u2019unun multivitamin \/ mineral deste\u011fi, %10.1\u2019inin ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, %13.6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n bitki \u00f6zl\u00fc \u00fcr\u00fcnler ve ekstraktlar, %8.3\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn ise bal\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131 veya enerji veren zindelik sa\u011flayan \u00fcr\u00fcnler kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir (Tablo 2). En \u00e7ok tercih edilen takviye g\u0131dan\u0131n multivitaminler olmas\u0131 Do\u011fan\u2019\u0131n (23) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ile paralellik g\u00f6stermektedir. COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde, yeti\u015fkin bireylerin beslenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re bireylerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n (%36.1) bir veya daha fazla takviye g\u0131da kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Takviye g\u0131da kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusunda bireylerin ve toplumun h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde bilgilendirilmesi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu bireylerin en \u00e7ok kulland\u0131klar\u0131 takviyelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda C ve D vitamininin geldi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (17). COVID-19 pandemisi s\u00fcrecinde bireylerin beslenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fimlerin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ba\u015fka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ise kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun (%43.6) C vitamini kullan\u0131m\u0131 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunu s\u0131ras\u0131yla D vitamini (%37.7), probiyotik g\u0131dalar (%12.9), omega-3 ve omega-6 (%8.5), bal\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131 (%6.4) ve \u03b2<\/i><\/span>–glukan<\/i><\/span> (%2.9) takip etmi\u015ftir. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %38.3\u2019\u00fc ise bu d\u00f6nemde takviye g\u0131da kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir (25).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n; pandemi s\u00fcresince g\u0131da takviyesi kullanma durumu, yeterli ve dengeli beslenme durumu, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 nedeniyle yemek yiyememe durumu, g\u0131da takviyesi kullanma nedeni, g\u0131da takviyesi kullanma s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7evresindeki bireylere g\u0131da takviyesi tavsiye etme durumu ile \u201cCOVID-19 Korkusu \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi<\/i>\u201d puan ortalamas\u0131 aras\u0131nda istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 d\u00fczeyde farkl\u0131l\u0131k saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (p<\/i><0.05). Pandemi s\u00fcrecinde g\u0131da takviyesi kullanan, yeterli ve dengeli beslenmeyen, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7o\u011fu zaman yemek yiyemeyen, g\u0131da takviyesini d\u00fczenli kullanan ve \u00e7evresindeki bireylere tavsiye edenlerin korku d\u00fczeyleri de daha y\u00fcksek olarak tespit edildi (Tablo 3). Elde edilen sonu\u00e7lara bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, pandemi s\u00fcrecinde g\u0131da takviyesi kullanan hem\u015firelerin kullanmayanlara k\u0131yasla korku \u00f6l\u00e7eklerinin daha y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde hen\u00fcz tedavisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu hastal\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nabilecek en iyi \u00f6nlemin takviye edici g\u0131dalar oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi olabilir. COVID-19\u2019un g\u00fcndemi olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, hen\u00fcz tedavisinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin tamamlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde yaz\u0131l\u0131, g\u00f6rsel ve sosyal medya platformlar\u0131nda hastal\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nabilecek en iyi \u00f6nlemin yeterli ve dengeli beslenme oldu\u011fu \u00fczerinde s\u0131k s\u0131k durulmu\u015ftur. Bu sebeple, kendisini yeterli ve dengeli beslenen olarak tan\u0131mlamayan ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 sebebiyle \u00e7o\u011fu zaman yemek yiyemeyen hem\u015firelerin de COVID-19 korkusu \u00f6l\u00e7eklerinin daha y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 tahmin edilebilir bir sonu\u00e7 olarak yorumlanabilir. Takviye edici g\u0131dalara ili\u015fkin s\u00f6ylemin ve bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finin pandemi ile beraber daha fazla konu\u015fuluyor olmas\u0131, koruyucu rol\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fczenleyici rol\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7mesi ve salg\u0131n\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na alacak herhangi bir tedavi ya da ilac\u0131n olmamas\u0131 sebebiyle ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek ad\u0131na takviye edici g\u0131dalar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, takviye g\u0131da kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkinin, koruyuculu\u011funun ve etkinli\u011finin k\u0131sa vadede anla\u015f\u0131lam\u0131yor olmas\u0131, pandemi s\u00fcrecinde ya\u015fanan korkunun artmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015f da olabilir.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n, pandemi \u00f6ncesi kullan\u0131m \u00f6zellikleri sorguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda %23.5\u2019inin takviye g\u0131da kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131, %76.5\u2019inin ise kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edildi. Pandemi s\u00fcreci sorguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise bu oranlar\u0131n takviye g\u0131da kullananlarda %23.5\u2019ten %61.9\u2019a y\u00fckseldi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Takviye g\u0131da kullanmayan hem\u015firelerin oran\u0131 ise %76.5\u2019ten %38.1\u2019e gerilemi\u015ftir. Bu verilerle, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n takviye g\u0131da kullan\u0131m durumlar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ve bu art\u0131\u015f\u0131n istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 d\u00fczeyde oldu\u011fu yorumu yap\u0131labilir (p<\/i><0.001) (Tablo 4). Bu durumu, artan i\u015f temposu sonucu hem\u015firelerin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemlerini g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tutmak istemeleri \u015feklinde yorumlayabiliriz. Chen ve arkada\u015flar\u0131\u00a0 <\/span>(26) taraf\u0131ndan Tayvan\u2019da yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %49\u2019unun takviye edici g\u0131da kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Suudi Arabistan\u2019da yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ise takviye edici g\u0131da kullan\u0131m oran\u0131 %55.2 olarak bulunmu\u015ftur (27). Takviye edici g\u0131da kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni olarak; yo\u011fun i\u015f temposu, k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 zaman ve do\u011fal beslenme konusunda yeterli bilincin olmamas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. \u00dclkemizde viral infeksiyonlardan korunma ve tedavide; takviye edici g\u0131dalar ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuvvetlendirdi\u011fi iddias\u0131 ile sunulmakta, yo\u011fun ilgi g\u00f6rmekte ve genelikle de re\u00e7etesiz olarak sat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (28).<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak; salg\u0131nla \u00f6n saflarda m\u00fccadelede eden hem\u015firelerin COVID-19 korku d\u00fczeyinin beslenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131na ve takviye g\u0131da kullan\u0131m\u0131na etkilerinin saptanmas\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n buna y\u00f6nelik bilgilendirilerek \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmas\u0131 hem sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in hem de sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n hizmet ettikleri toplum i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Bulgular\u0131m\u0131z do\u011frultusunda; hem\u015firelere y\u00f6nelik, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k gibi beklenmedik d\u00f6nemler i\u00e7in sa\u011fl\u0131k ve beslenme ile ilgili kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 zorunlu e\u011fitimler d\u00fczenlenmeli ve bu konuda olu\u015fabilecek olumsuzluklar\u0131 en aza indirebilmek i\u00e7in sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015fam tarz\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bilgilendirmeler yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Gece vardiyas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in, gece boyunca tok ve zinde tutacak besinler temin edilmelidir.\u00a0 <\/span>D\u0131\u015far\u0131dan al\u0131nan sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z besin t\u00fcketimini engellemek amac\u0131yla kurum taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ana ve ara \u00f6\u011f\u00fcnler sa\u011flanarak beslenme rutinleri iyile\u015ftirilmelidir. Takviye g\u0131da kullan\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili bilgilendirmeler art\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, hastaneler taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen rutin kan tahlilleri daha geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Takviye g\u0131da konusunda yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 bilgiler veren ileti\u015fim kanallar\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi ve hem\u015firelerin bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerle ilgili bilin\u00e7 d\u00fczeyinin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n s\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya kat\u0131lan hem\u015firelerin sorulara verdikleri yan\u0131tlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u0130R\u0130\u015e D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (DS\u00d6) \u00c7in \u00dclke Ofisi, \u00c7in\u2019in Hubei eyaletine ba\u011fl\u0131 Vuhan \u015fehrinde, 31 Aral\u0131k 2019\u2019da etiyolojisi a\u00e7\u0131klanamayan solunum yolu infeksiyonu olgular\u0131 bildirmi\u015f ve ilk olgular \u201cnedeni bilinmeyen pn\u00f6moni\u201d olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. DS\u00d6 taraf\u0131ndan; 7 Ocak 2020\u2019de hastal\u0131k etkeninin, daha \u00f6nce insanlarda tespit edilmemi\u015f ve koronavirus ailesine ait yeni bir virus (2019-nCoV) oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f, 30 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5129],"tags":[5486,5488,4229,5487],"class_list":["post-25271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ozgun-arastirma","tag-beslenme","tag-covid-19-korkusu","tag-pandemi","tag-takviye-gida"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25271","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25271"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25271\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25779,"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25271\/revisions\/25779"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25271"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25271"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.klimikdergisi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25271"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}